Chronic exposure can lead to developmental delays, disorders of the nervous, urinary and immune systems, and to cardiovascular disease.
Infants and toddlers are highly sensitive to contaminants in food. Finally, approaches to reduce the presence, migration, and potential exposure to substances that have migrated from packaging materials into food have been reviewed. In addition, current sustainable food packaging trends have been mentioned. The compilation of literature studies (110 research articles) on the presence of intentionally added substances (IAS) and non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) in food packaging materials, their migration, toxicity, and dietary exposure has been summarized, evaluated, and discussed. This review compiles information regarding substances detected in non-permanent food packaging materials, focusing mainly on plastics, paper, and paperboards. In this latter matter, it has been demonstrated that the use of recycled food packaging materials increases the number and possible sources of substances that could be present in the packaging material, which is of concern as substances that can migrate into food and cause health hazards upon consumption.
However, recycling presents particular challenges, mainly related to the recycled material composition, which determines its reusability, application, functionality, and chemical safety. Based on the concept of a circular economy, the recycling of food packaging materials has become one of the main targets for industries and regulators around the world. In addition, the surface MOSH/POSH content exhibited a positive correlation with fat content in the samples due to their similar polarities.Īlmost all processed food comes packaged in either plastic, glass, metal, or paper and paperboard materials, and many packaging materials are disposed of after a single use (linear economy). Moreover, the amounts of those MOSH/POSH are closely related to packaging materials, among which the surface contamination values of products in metal cans were the lowest, followed by products in paper containers and boxes, and the values of samples in aluminium foil-plastic bags were the highest. The results indicated no surface MOAH was detected in any of the samples, while 33 samples contained MOSH/POSH with surface contents of 0.10 ~ 5.09 mg kg⁻¹. Mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH), polyolefin oligomeric saturated hydrocarbons (POSH) and aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) migrated into those samples were extracted and quantitatively analysed by on-line liquid chromatography coupled with gas chromatography (LC-GC). Thus, to conduct an analysis of mineral oils migrated into milk powder products from different packaging materials, 50 Chinese commercial samples (including 38 infant formulas), which were packaged in metal cans, paper containers, paper boxes and aluminium foil-plastic bags, were analysed. However, survey data of the occurrence of mineral oils in foods are only available for a limited variety of foods, which do not include the contaminants in Chinese milk powders. Mineral oil contaminants migrated from food contact materials have raised much concern in the past few decades.
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